"Come closer, I am alone, but stay out of it – I'm afraid of introduction"

A. Robbins

the boundary between "normality" and "abnormality" is very shaky.

Schizotypal personality disorder (SRL) is a thin "line" between serious mental illness – schizophrenia and a relative "norm".

the International classification of diseases 9th (ICD-9) revision schizotypal disorder called "sluggish schizophrenia". According to ICD-10 this disorder excludes features of schizophrenia, where in the foreground is the personality defect that is almost impossible to recover.

State, corresponding to different variants of creeping schizophrenia (neurosis, psychopathic, "poor symptoms") in ICD-10 are highlighted outside of the rubric of Schizophrenia (F20), which unites the psychotic forms of the disease, are considered in the category of "Schizotypal disorder" (F21) [2, p. 438].

SRL occurs in people whose close relatives suffer from schizophrenia or schizotypal disorder.

SRL Contribute to trauma at an early age, but they are not the cause SRL.

the Diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder formulate as a rule, when human behavior becomes pretentious, exaggerated , but does not reach the criteria of schizophrenia. In some cases, formulate a diagnosis in order not to stigmatise young patients. This is a "soft diagnosis" compared with a diagnosis of "schizophrenia".

in people with SRL there are some of the manifestations are similar to manifestations in schizophrenia.

Symptoms of schizotypal disorder:

1. overall sensitivity, especially sensitivity to criticism
2. artsy way of expressing thoughts
3. fast or slow illogical speech
4. suspicion
5. feeling that other people can hear their thoughts
6. negative attitude towards other people, it seems that they were betrayed, hostile, because of this there are conflicts with others
7. the illusion of presence of the deceased person ("his spirit is now in the room," "he came tonight, I saw his shadow on the wall")
8. the scarcity of emotional manifestations do not respond to the smile of another person, they usually in most cases, serious and not emotional
9. prone to outbreaks of aggression
10. isolation, unsociable, separated from the people, expressed modesty and shyness
11. high level alarm
12. mood swings
13. brief psychotic (delusional experiences, sometimes transient hallucinations)
14. absent-mindedness

These symptoms is and in schizophrenia, but SRL they appear not so pronounced.

the strangeness of the behavior of people with schizotypal disorder is expressed in the eccentricity.

in people with SRL may experience brief psychotic episodes (e.g., delusional experiences, ideas, relations, illusion, confusion of thoughts, many thoughts and desire to Express them, to write).

the Psyche of people with CRL is particularly fragile.

People with schizotypal disorder are often called cranks. Thoughts are inadequate. The response of such a person, the issue is clear to him alone. For example, the question: "what is the weather outside?", answer: "the cat's meow!...".

Characterized by obsessive thoughts and ways of thinking, when a person says a lot, even "not the case", his thoughts are characterized by heterogeneity.

the thoughts of the people with SRL can be:

"she always wanted me dead."

- "the phone rings, now they will say about me and my illness"

- "a car came "fast" , now take me to the hospital."

- "today will something bad happen."

"I crossed the road "black cat", then a misfortune happens."

- "crashed saucer is fortunately"

"I know that in the future will be so."

the story of patients with SRL differ in detail, the illogic and the use of metaphors, pretentious expressions. A man may talk to himself or an imaginary person in their fantasies.

Another characteristic feature of people with SRL is the magic thinking. They tend to believe in extrasensory perception, it is illegal to attend Church, to believe in miracles.

the Man with SRL often immersed in their fantasies and "divorced from reality". There is a "loss of contact with reality, the formality of contacts" [3, p. 169]. Famous parabola Schopenhauer about porcupines on a cold night passes the schizoid dilemma of people when they get close to keep warm , they prick each other; when due to the pain they move away , they freeze. Schizoid own “I” is always a safe distance from the rest of humanity, but they can be very caring towards others, though continue to require the preservation of protective personal space [1].

Sewn with schizoid personality organization is the entrance to the world of imagination[1].

under stress, schizoid people can be removed both from their own emotions, and from external stimulation and look dull, lifeless and inconsistent situations [1].

the Most adaptive and an impressive ability schizoid man - his creative talent [1]. Often people with schizotypal disorder draw beautiful and unusual paintings or write poetry.

Considering the mental sphere of people with schizotypal disorder can also be noted that they have violated the sphere of motivation, social regulation and behavior [3, p. 169].

the Behavior is often determined by momentary impulses, people with SRL not appreciate the consequences of their actions [3, p. 169] and often in the future suffer from it.

the self-Esteem of people with schizotypal disorder is characterized by inadequate. Self-esteem tends to either inappropriately high or inappropriately low [3, p. 170].

For people with SRL typical stencil judgment, loss of sense of tact, delicacy, tenderness, distance [3, p. 170].

Perverzne trends are characterized by love in the persons of her sex, bearing Platonic in nature and does not reach the degree of homosexuality. In the instinctive sphere draws attention to the lack of desire to have children, and the indifference to food (sparrows, 1988) [3, c.170].

overall, SRL - variant of the disease has a relatively benign course [2, p.437], but it is, unfortunately, not cured until the end.

Schizoid and schizotypal disorder can be easily confused. Their main difference is that with schizotypal disorder symptoms occur in children is quite rare, and with schizoid appear early and usually, they are represented graphically.

Treatment of schizotypal disorder

SRL Treatment should be comprehensive: medical treatment + psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral therapy) and social skills training, art therapy + psihopatologija. People with SRL have regular visits with a psychiatrist. During psychotherapy, the doctor teaches a suffering person to treat their thoughts as hypotheses, test the accuracy of what was said, develop mentalization (the ability to imagine the motives and meanings of the conduct of another person and his own), to socialize.

Forecast schizotypal disorder depends on a well-chosen drug therapy and psychotherapy, training in social skills, well-structured communication between the specialists (psychiatrist, psychotherapist, psychologist) and a suffering person.

If a person with SRL attending necessary events of the psychotherapeutic module and regularly takes the prescribed medicines, it can be well adapted, which leads to improved quality of life.

Literature

1. Mack-Williams N. Psychoanalytic diagnosis: Understanding personality structure in the clinical process / TRANS. from English. — M: Independent firm “Klass”, 2001 — 480с. (Library of psychology and psychotherapy, vol. 49).

2. Tiganov A. S., snezhnevsky A.V. Manual of psychiatry, 1999

3. Kharisova R. R.,Chebakova Yu. V. Workshops on pathopsychological diagnostics, 2018.