In psychology there are more than 40 theories of personality. And when I think about it, I have a question, how can one explain such a huge number of theories of the same phenomenon?

From the point of view of common sense it is reasonable to assume that there is one true and the other, therefore, are erroneous. But in psychology it is not.

Yes, of course, is the division of the Sciences into basic, applied and Humanities. And it is thus possible to explain the lack of a unified theory in the Humanities or Sciences.

But, in my opinion, there is a place for some of the guile that was used by Bender, drawing his "Sower". Realizing that in painting there is no uniform standard, he appealed to the fact that the way he sees the world. His employers had the good sense to understand this deception. But I guess such common sense is lacking in psychology. And these "Sowers" feel quite comfortable in the vastness of psychology, bringing from their creators ostapovsky "I see the world."

Let's see how was born such a number of theories of personality.

Each direction has its own theory, based on which it builds corrective or therapeutic work. Well, or should build, or at least to rely on your theory.

All the famous Sigmund Freud can be called the first practitioner (counselling) psychologist. He was the first who founded the school in practical patient care. As a result of their work with patients within the therapeutic process, he opened, or rather, constructed his theoretical model of personality, consisting of It is, I over Ya In General, drew his "Sower".

And the result of a confluence of favorable circumstances that brought him fame, glory and respect. And his school began to gather those who saw this as the path to his professional, and personal development. And later, his best not just students, but also friends, borrowing part of the success of the Freud, calling themselves his disciples, rejected this theory and created their own.

I will list known to us his disciples:
Carl Yung, Alfred Adler, Erich Fromm, Karen Horney.

why did it happen? Well, I would have worked on in this concept. What to look for or come up with a new theory, especially coming into conflict with his teacher?

And it happened like this. the
Enthusiastic neophytes exercises Freud, started work with their patients, surprised, said: what they studied in this school, doesn't always work, and most likely, and in General almost never works. But they were not going to work like, and in the course of work, mostly the method of "spear", began to find new tools of interaction with the client. Which clearly contradicted Freud's theories.

And it is not the correctness or accuracy of the ways, and the personality of the psychologists, in their personal qualities contributing to the therapeutic relationship with patients. And, of course, this discrepancy should be eliminated. That began to appear theory of personality that would fit in with the way you worked with these professionals.

At this stage, consulting for seven years, I have also faced this situation. Therapeutic (well, for the sake of the relevant rules will call them psycho) methods for helping clients, for the most part contrary to those models of identity that are most known. To structure these methods and to explain their psychological impact, requires its own theory of personality. And I had to do it. Here it is very brief.

Personality is the totality of ways of achieving the basic needs of the individual.

In this theory the person is intentionally not included set of needs. As innate needs only two, and they are inherent in all living things: to live and reproduce. And all those goals or needs sought by an individual only need as a way to achieve these two needs.

From the point of view of this theory, personality is a construct of nominalization or, in other words to say, the objectification of the verb in the noun and the giving of this category of independent existence, which is a logical error or metaphysics.

Because has no independent existence of the individual without symptoms.
the Set of behaviours we call personality.
Therefore, the notion of the individual is misguided and deviate from the understanding of the causes of human behavior.